This is an E xam about cell biology. There are 25 questions and you have 90 minutes to finish it.
There are study guide:
CHAP 15 — INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTS AND PROTEIN TRANSPORT
1) Know the names and main functions of the membrane-enclosed organelles.
2) In an average cell, about how much of the total cell volume is taken up by
membrane-bound organelles?
3) Explain the two different ways that membrane-enclosed organelles evolved?
Which ones originated by which method?
4) What do signal sequences do, and where are they located?
5) Nuclear pore complexes
a) How does their structure select for particular proteins while allowing free
diffusion of water and small solutes?
b) Explain the role of nuclear import receptors and GTP-hydrolysis.
6) How do precursor proteins enter mitochondria and chloroplasts?
7) What is/are the difference(s) between cytoplasmic and membrane-bound
ribosomes?
8) How and when do proteins enter the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
9) How, when, and where are transmembrane proteins made and inserted into
membranes?
a) How does their original direction within the membrane relate to their direction
in the membrane at their destination?
10)Trace the routes of transport vesicles between compartments during
endocytosis and exocytosis.
a) Discuss how transport vesicles keep their contents separate from the cytosol,
and why this might be important.
11)Describe how clathrin and similar coat-proteins help to form endocytic vesicles.
12)Explain the roles of tethers and SNARES for vesicle docking and membrane
fusion.
13)Describe glycosylation of proteins in the ER.
a) Where and when are the polysaccharide trees built and modified?
14)How “fussy” is the ER quality control process for releasing proteins?
15)The unfolded protein response includes several aspects. Describe what each
does and how they can help the situation.
16)The Golgi apparatus
a) Structure
b) Functions
c) Two ways which proteins move through it
17)What’s the difference between constitutive and regulated secretion?
a) What types of products are suited for each type of secretion?
18)Distinguish between:
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
i) What happens to the receptors?
d) Autophagy
19)Compare endosomes and lysosomes.
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