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Centre for Disease Control PICOT Question Paper

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Centre for Disease Control PICOT Question Paper

Centre for Disease Control PICOT Question Paper

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Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Question

Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor. NRS433V Centre for Disease Control PICOT Question Paper

The final PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

Research Critiques

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments, you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique on two articles for each type of study (4 articles total). Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making appropriate revisions. Centre for Disease Control PICOT Question Paper

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT question.

Refer to “Research Critiques and PICOT Guidelines – Final Draft.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper.

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

Discuss the link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.

General Requirements

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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Jagbir Kaur

NUR 433

07/02/19

Literature Evaluation Table

Summary of Clinical Issue: A recent research by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) demonstrates that in excess of five hundred thousand patients acquire C. diffs infections every year across the United States. Notably, C. difficile causes critical diarrhea and colon inflammation. In fact, CDC estimates that C. diffs is major cause of deaths with an estimated population of close to 20,000 directly caused deaths. Leffler & Lamont (2015) claim that unwarranted uptake of antibiotics among the patients is a major factor in spreading of the C. diffs infections particularly when the patients get transfers to different healthcare facilities. This paper identifies c. diffs infections across the United States as a major clinical problem since most of the infections occur within a clinical setup. According to Cooper, Jump & Chopra (2016), C. difficile is continually becoming resistant to the typical clinical procedures while influencing severe illnesses and somewhat unprecedented rate of transmission.

Following the increased transmissions across the country in the recent years despite the increased efforts to eradicate the spread, C. diffs is the commonest pathogen associated with infections occurring within clinical settings within the United States. Dubberke et al. (2018) argue that C. diffs increase healthcare costs with nearly $5 billion every year for only acute healthcare institutions (Goldstein et al., 2015). Although people also acquire C. diffs in other environments other than the clinical settings, significant population of the c. diffs infections happen in clinical settings (Ong, Reidy, Huk, & Lane, 2017).  Therefore, C. difficile is a clinical problem that demands a different approach and urgent measures to ensure the wellness and improved healthcare among the people of the U.S.

PICOT Question: Considering all the C. Difficile infected patients (P), should limiting antibiotics’ prescriptions (I) in relation to establishing new nursing approaches (C) combat the spread of the virus (O) within 12 months (T)?

CriteriaArticle 1Article 2Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink Cooper, C. C., Jump, R. L., & Chopra, T. (2016). Prevention of infection due to Clostridium difficile. Infectious Disease Clinics30(4), 999-1012. Dubberke, E. R., Reske, K. A., Olsen, M. A., McDonald, L. C., & Fraser, V. J. (2018). Short-and long-term attributable costs of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical inpatients. Clinical Infectious Diseases46(4), 497-504. Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC). (2016). Vital signs: preventing Clostridium difficile infections. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report61(9), 157. 
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?While the PICOT question concerns the intervention of C. Diffs, the article tells more of the prevention of the c. diffs infectionsThe article discusses the costs incurred on the treatment of C.Diffs infections and transmission of the infectionsThis article examines the vital signs towards prevention of C. diffs infection while examining the rate of transmission of c.diffs.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)This article is a qualitative study because it used simple sample and the number and the referencesThis article is a quantitative study because of its larger sampleThis article is a qualitative study because it used simple sample and the interpretation of the results
Purpose StatementTo understand the degree of infections caused by C. diffs virusTo understand both short-term and long-term costs imposed by c. diffs infectionsTo understand the various signs among C. diffs victims for prevention
Research QuestionHow would the changes in nursing procedures impact on the transmission levelsWhat are the costs that C.diffs contribute towards healthcare deliveryHow can an individual clearly identify a C. diff patient?
OutcomeThe study observed that changing the nursing procedures and reducing uptake of antibiotics reduces the infections of c. diffsThe study established the costs of treating C. diffs infection rose close to three times estimated at $7,500 by the close of 2017.This article establishes unusual WBC counts, self-restricted diarrhea and fever, stomach pains and tachycardia as the commonest signs of C. diffs.
Setting(Where did the study take place?)The study was conducted in a clinical set upThe study was conducted in a clinical set upThe study was conducted in a clinical set up
SampleThis study used a sample size of 25 casesThe sample size in this study was 105 casesThis research used a sample size of 20 persons.
MethodThe convenience methodology was applied in the studyThis research used a clustered method in establishing the cost dynamics in different facilities and circumstances.This research uses the convenience sampling method
Key Findings of the StudyC. diffs virus has become resistant of the current interventionThe study established that C. diffs has greatly increased the costs of treating viral infections. US government budgets about $950 million on C.diff infectionspseudomembranous colitis influenced by ballicus is a great threat to human health especially on C. diff infections
Recommendations of the ResearcherThere should be a change in the nursing procedures because of the resistance by the virus to the current interventionsThere should be improved strategies of ensuring quality healthcare. Individuals should have insurance coversIndividuals should report immediately any suspicious cases of C.diffs especially with self-restricted diarrhea
CriteriaArticle 4Article 5Article 6
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink Leffler, D. A., & Lamont, J. T. (2015). Clostridium difficile infection. New England Journal of Medicine372(16), 1539-1548. Goldstein, E. J., Johnson, S., Maziade, P. J., McFarland, L. V., Trick, W., Dresser, L., … & Low, D. E. (2015). Pathway to prevention of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases60 (suppl_2), S148-S158Ong, G. K., Reidy, T. J., Huk, M. D., & Lane, F. R. (2017). Clostridium difficile colitis. The American Journal of Surgery213(3), 565-571. 
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?This article explicates the spread of the C. difficile infectionsThe article informs the ways of preventing the nosocomial CDI as observed in a clinical setupThe study examines the impact of C. diff infection during a surgery.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)The article demonstrates that the survey was a qualitative studyA qualitative study as observed from the number and period the research in the references were conducted.A quantitative study majorly because of the critical interpretation of the results.
Purpose StatementTo determine the rate of transmission of C. difficile in a clinical set up.To address the critical mortality and morbidity rates caused by C. difficile diarrhea. To establish the effects of diarrhea among C. diffs infected population while undergoing surgery.
Research QuestionWhat is the rate of c. difficile spread within clinical setupsHow is the nosocomial C. difficile causing deaths in compared to other infectionsDoes diarrhea reduce the chances of survival chances among the CDI patients while undergoing surgery
OutcomeC.difficile spread faster in clinical setups than in the other setupsNosocomial CDI is the commonest cause of deaths associated with the CDI infections.Diarrhea decreases the survival chances among patients with CDI when undergoing surgery.
Setting(Where did the study take place?)Clinical setupClinical set upIn a surgery setting
SampleThe researchers used a sample size of 30 participants.The sample size was 27The sample size was 100 pqrtidi
MethodExperimental methodThe researchers decided to use a descriptive method to adequately relate the high mortality rates to the nosocomial CDI.The research employed both observation and descriptive methods
Key Findings of the StudyNearly every participants who had c. difficile had at least been in a clinical set up.Nosocomial C. difficile which is normally self-restricted diarrhea the major cause of death caused by infection of c. difficile.Self-restricting diarrhea is among the worst conditions and symptoms among all the CDI patients.
Recommendations of the ResearcherThe current studies should consider different intervention mechanisms to avoid high rate of transmissionsThere should be a change in intervention strategies to reduce the current rates of mortality and morbidity. The use of proton pump inhibitorsThe researchers recommends that physicians should reduce the risk by using inhibitors among the C. diffs patients.

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