MAKE SURE THE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT IT IS A ONE TIME ONLINE TEST
1- In the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled which of the following unconstitutional?
a- Missouri Compromise of 1820
b- Black Codes
c-The Civil Rights Act of 1854
d- Jim Crow laws
e- public school segregation
2- Which of the following had the effect of granting citizenship to all freed slaves?
a- The Fourteenth Amendment
b-The Thirteenth Amendment
c- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
d- Plessy v. Ferguson
e- The Fifteenth Amendment
3- With respect to gender and the Constitution, what is so unique about the Fourteenth Amendment?
a- it added the word “male” to the Constitution for the first time.
b- It granted women the right to vote in national and state elections
c- No reference is made to gender in the Fourteenth Amendment
d- It added the word “female” to the Constitution for the first time.
4- What overriding principle with respect to state and national citizenship was clearly established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Bradwell v. Illinois and the Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873?
a- The Fourteenth Amendment did not enlarge the limited rights guaranteed by the Constitution, and thus, African-Americans could not be protected from discriminatory state action
b- Voting was a privilege of citizenship which states cannot withhold
c- The Fourteenth Amendment protected African-Americans from discriminatory state actions in public education, but nowhere else
d- The Black Codes were rendered unconstitutional.
5- Laws enacted by Southern states that discriminated against blacks by creating “whites only” schools and other public accommodations were specifically referred to as
a- Jim Crow laws
b- de facto discrimination
c- franchises
d- Black Codes
6- What device(s) did states use effectively to deny the right to vote to African-Americans in the 1800s?
a- grandfather clauses
b- literacy tests
c- poll taxes
d- all of the above
7- What was the specific reasoning used by the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) to uphold the constitutionality of the Louisiana law which mandated racial segregation on all public trains?
a- Private discrimination was not subject to the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
b- Blacks, although free, were not considered to be citizens of the United States
c- Separate facilities for blacks and whites provided equal protection of the laws
d-The Fourteenth Amendment only applied to the national government, not to the states.
8- When the NAACP decided in the 1930s to mount a full-scale challenge to the constitutionality of Plessy’s separate-but-equal doctrine, segregation practices first to be challenged were
a- grade school education
b- junior and senior high school education.
c- professional and graduate education.
d- none of the above
9- What was the rationale used by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) when it ruled that the practice of segregation was unconstitutional?
a- African-Americans’ First Amendment freedom of assembly was being unreasonably limited by segregation.
b- The facilities were considered not to be equal with respect to the buildings, staffing, and equipment.
c- With segregation, states had neglected their obligation to provide for the “general welfare” of African-Americans
d- Segregation is a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment “inherently,” even if the facilities are considered to be equal with respect to the buildings, staffing, and equipment.
10- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in employment on the grounds of
a- race, color, national origin, or sex
b- race, color, religion, national origin, or sex.
c- race, color, religion, national origin, sex, or sexual orientation.
d- race or color
e- race, color, or national origin.
11- Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads, “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex”?
a- There is no such amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
b- The Fifteenth Amendment.
c- The Nineteenth Amendment.
d-The Fourteenth Amendment.
12- When the suspect classification of “race” is involved, the level or standard of scrutiny used by the U.S. Supreme Court is referred to as
a- minimum rationality standard
b- strict scrutiny or heightened standard
c- intermediate standard.
d- none of the above, these standards were only used in the 1800s
13- Which of the following practices have been found by the U.S. Supreme Court to violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
a- statutory rape laws that apply only to female victims
b- Virginia’s maintenance of an all-male military college, the Virginia Military Institute
c- Draft registration provisions for males only
d- none of the above
14- The passing of the Equal Rights Amendment led to Roe vs. Wade which stated that
a- separate but equal applied to women and men as well as race.
b- women could vote.
c- women had a constitutional right to privacy including, in certain circumstances, the right to terminate pregnancy.
d- women should have the same pay as men in the workplace.
15- Under the U.S. Constitution, Indian tribes are considered to be
a- under the authority of state governments
b- under the authority of local governments
c- unique citizens but they are U.S. citizens and can vote
d- a separate nation altogether, not under the authority of any government in the U.S
16- The strategy since the 1970s to expand rights for Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, gays, and lesbians has been most successful in
a- new constitutional amendments
b- new civil rights acts passed by Congress
c- the courts
d- all of the above
17- Latino/a Americans rely on groups like the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) to
a- de-segregate law schools
b- expand on their voting rights and opportunities
c- give student athletes more rights
d- help fight Roe v. Wade
18- In Bowers v. Hardwick (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
a- a state may not prohibit marriages between gays or lesbians
b- privacy rights did not extend to homosexuals even if they were consenting adults in private.
c- homosexuals were a protected class under the civil rights acts
d- interracial marriages may be prohibited by the states
19- In the 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case of Regents of California v. Bakke, the use of
a- race-based preferences are always acceptable to encourage job placement of minorities
b- strict quotas in university admissions was found to be illegal
c- race as one factor among many other factors as the basis for university admissions was found to be legal
d- all affirmative action programs was found to be illegal.
20- With respect to the trend since the late 1980s toward affirmative action programs, the Congress, states, and actions of the U.S. Supreme Court have been moving toward
a- limiting affirmative action programs in employment, but broadening their use in higher education
b- limiting affirmative action programs in higher education, but broadening their use in employment.
c- limiting affirmative action programs, particularly those which use quotas
d- broadening affirmative action programs
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