I’m studying and need help with some botany questions to help me learn.
What new conditions would plants be facing when transitioning from water to land?
What are the four major adaptations that evolved as a result of the new conditions faced on land?
How were early land plants able to uptake water and nutrients, and what evidence do we have for that?
What are the 2 major groups of land plants and what are their characteristics?
What is an allele?
Cacti (originated in the Americas) and euphorbs (originated in Africa) have similar traits: large water holding stems, no leaves, and photosynthetic stems. Are these features more likely homologous or analogous traits? Why?
What is the Central Dogma?
What is activation energy?
Describe descent with modification.
What are the two ultimate sources of diversity (think genetics-based)?
Describe the structure of ATP, and which molecule is removed to create ADP
List the three main steps in cellular respiration.
What is the endosymbiosis theory, and what is its significance to the forms of life that currently exist?
What evidence is there for evolution?
Describe the main structures of the chloroplast & describe their essential functions.
Define a photoautotroph
What are the two main steps of photosynthesis? What happens in each step? What are the main structures & mechanisms, input and output, and where does it all happen?
What new conditions would plants be facing when transitioning from water to land?
Describe the main differences in C3, C4 and CAM plants; why are there so many pathways?
Explain crossing over/recombination during meiosis.
What are the main photosynthetic pigments and where are they found?
What is the relationship between dominant and recessive alleles? What is a homozygous pairing of alleles? What is a heterozygous pairing of alleles? What is a phenotype vs a genotype?
Describe how light energy is absorbed and utilized. What wavelengths of light can be absorbed? What structures are utilized? How is the energy transferred?
Why are sporopollenin, seeds, meristems, cuticle, and stomata important?
What are the three basic steps in the Calvin Cycle, and what product is created at each step?
Compare and contrast Mitosis vs Meiosis: similarities? differences?
What are the four most important mechanisms/forces of evolution?
What are the defining features of land plants?
What are the three types of mutations? What benefit can there be to mutations? What harm can mutations do?
Name the 3 types of RNA necessary to build proteins.
Where does transcription take place? Where does translation take place?
Compare and contrast vicariance vs dispersal.
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