ive a file has questions i need you guys to answer the question     Assignment 1 Directions                                      Enter your Name Here…

ive a file has questions i need you guys to answer the question

 

 

Assignment 1 Directions                                      Enter your Name Here =è XXXXXXXXXX

 

 

 

Most requirements of this assignment will require you to research answers from your text book (you must read the text book to get some answers), from the Internet, or any other reasonable source. Many Internet sources, video links, text book and Blackboard presentation reference are provided to help you START your research. I have found that any single Internet source is very incomplete and the format may not conducive for most answers required. Some students do not READ the text book or review the Power Point presentation provided to you in Blackboard.   Some answers are only available from my power point presentations or update notes.

 

 

 

You may cut-and-paste answers whenever appropriate, you should take care to synthesize your answers to include multiple sources. I would be impressed that you consult a Google image search and paste and appropriate image to supplement your answer.

 

 

 

While I permit cut-and-paste, I do expect you use your own words so that you:

 

1. Organize the answer

 

2. Demonstrate that you have read what you have cut-and-pasted

 

3. Use any means that clearly displays that you have gained knowledge.

 

 

 

If you are LEARNING the subject matter there should be no problem. If you cut-and-paste and pray that it might answer the question you will be penalized. I hate irrelevant cut-and-paste BS.

 

 

 

The content of each student’s assignment may NOT be copied from any other current or past student enrolled in this class. Each assignment is to be prepared by ONE student.  Assignments are NOT a group-prepared assignment. Copying and pasting assignment any portion of the requirements from another student either enrolled in the current semester and or a previous semester is an act of plagiarism according to the RMU Academic Integrity Policy.  Any assignment found to be “too much alike” will be subject to a grade of zero for all parties concerned. Such an act constitutes a violation of the Robert Morris University Academic Integrity Policy.  The instructor reserves the right to review past assignments with students who are unable to prepare assignments during the hands-on portion of the exam to determine the student’s mastery of the assignment’s objectives. The assignment grade based upon the result of the instructor’s review.  On-ground tests may be used to compare the student’s knowledge to performance on assignments.  All acts of plagiarism will be submitted the RMU Academic Integrity Board to determine university-wide penalties.

 

 

 

You, however, may discuss assignment requirements, assist other students with debugging programs or other hands-on-requirements, tutor students, or provide other advice that may assist the students in acquiring knowledge. But the actual preparation of an individual assignment must have been completely prepared by the student who submitted the assignment. Sections of the assignments may be copied from the internet as per the individual assignment’s directions. Please contact the instructor if you need assistance interpreting this RMU Academic Integrity Policy.    

 

 

 

 

You are to enter all answers or Prtscrn requirements into this Word Document.  You are not permitted to submit any other document format, e.g., Wordpad, PDFs, etc. that is not based on this original Word document.  This document contains hidden internal markers and applications that will track the version of this assignment and your assignment progress.

 

 

 

You MUST submit the assignments using the Word document(s) provided you. You may not use any other word processor, except Microsoft Word. Do not use Open Office DOCX files.

 

 

 

When an instructor has possession of an electronic document it is very easy to detect plagiarism. Many instructors use Turnitin assignments, which is applicable to assignments that permit cut-and-paste as this assignment.  It is very easy to compare multiple copies of word documents (see link below).  Microsoft provides a variety of FREE anti-plagiarizing tools.  And there is a wide variety of tools that can analyze hidden information within a Word document (see sample link below).  Changing fonts, margins and spacing does not do it anymore.  Even when individuals try to artificially change content, a Word document contains hidden markers that may provide an audit trail to find previous authors and computer systems who have edited the document.

 

 

 

Comparing and merging Microsoft Word documents – http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306484

 

Compare documents side by side – http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/compare-documents-side-by-side-HA010102251.aspx

 

Fight crime. Unravel incidents… one byte at a time.

 

http://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/papers/gcfa/computer-forensics-investigation-image-file-analysis_170

 

 

 

Why am I providing some of this detailed information? There are several reasons.

 

1)  The real world exists outside this class.  A student in this class must be aware of the dangers when organizations or individuals provide electronic copies to others, e.g., an email attachment.

 

2)  The objective of this assignment is to “introduce” minimal knowledge that is required in the real world. If you do not acquire this minimal knowledge, you will significantly harm your employment, income, promotion and retention potentials.  If you do not want to do the hard work, I can recommend a better alternative to plagiarism – get a new major or career plan.  Perhaps you can star in a reality TV show.

 

3) The majority of my students will exert the effort and submit excellent assignments.  I will use many of the previous tools as time permits to ensure that you do not steal their grade. I really don’t understand why a student would provide a student with a copy of their assignment when they are competing in the same job market. In my class both the original author and the plagiarizer will be punished.

 

 

 

If you do not have a copy of WORD, you may use VMWARE VIEW (available from the RMU website) to access a virtual lab computer which contains any software needed for this course.

 

http://www.rmu.edu/web/cms/departments-offices/administration-services/it/Pages/vmware-view.aspx

 

 

 

NEVER STORE ANY DOCUMENTS ON THE DESKTOP OF VMWARE VIRTUAL COMPUTER.  You will lose your document. It is preferable to store you documents on a local flash drive.

 

 

 

Since the quiz and test questions are based on your researched answers, I would recommend that you refer to any quiz questions on the assignment topics to ensure that your assignment answer is complete. Some quiz answers will NOT be provided to you unless 75% of your answers from practice attempts are correct.

 

 

 

YOU MUST enter your name in the beginning of this document as provided and “Save As” this document using a new name that includes your name and the assignment number, e.g., Bob Jones Assignment 1.docx

 

 

 

 

When completed, submit the FINAL version of this document to Blackboard under the Assignment folder for this individual assignment.  I NEVER ACCEPT AN ASSIGNMENT AS AN EMAIL ATTACHMENT FOR ANY REASON.  If you made an error on an assignment you may request that the previous assignment submission be cleared so that you may resubmit the assignment again.  Please only submit a completed assignment.  All assignments must use the original Word Document format.  Wordpad,  PDFs, etc. formats are not permitted.

 

 

 

While the assignments have a recommended due date, I do not penalized your assignment grade if you are slightly late. Please do not send me an email if you are going to submit your assignment late. I assume you have a good excuse.

 

 

 

 

 

Documenting your Results

 

 

 

Some requirements specify that you perform a specific action, e.g., access a web site, execute a command, etc.  You will need to provide evidence that you performed this task.  There are two techniques

 

 

 

1. Window 7 Snipping Tool – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ax75dA1TGU0

 

 

 

2) Alt-PrtScrn – Available for all versions of Windows

 

1) Once the web site or the results of the command is displayed hold down the ALT key and press the Prtsc. Some laptops may require you to press the FN key to perform this action. 2) Position the cursor to answer the question in this Word document. 3) Press Ctrl-V or select Edit/paste.  To make your graphic more controllable in a Word Document, after pasting 1) Right-click and select Format Picture, 2) Click on the Layout tab, and 3) Select Square ( You may also other justification settings). Now you graphic will flow with text better and can be sized more easily. Page S17-15

 

                                                                                                                                                                    

 

 

 

 

 

 

Requirement 1  (20%)

 

 

 

Little bit of advice before you start. 

 

 

 

There is NO requirement to read each reference link or view each video in detail.  Some of the links will have overlapping content. Some links will provide more information than the question requirements, but employers consider these topics to be minimal knowledge of a RMU CIS graduate.

 

 

 

It is recommended to visit each reference link and overview the content. Then read each question and return to each reference link or video as needed. You may supplement your answers with content from your text book by using a question keyword and looking up in the glossary or index in the back of the book.  PDF text books can be easily searched for keywords. 

 

 

 

It is not required to read your text books before working on this assignment unless specified in a requirement. Text book contents are used to support quiz questions (which contain the answers), which are used on the tests.  The reference links and videos are excellent resources.

 

 

 

The topics presented in the course assignments have been highly recommended by two or more employers who recruit RMU CIS students as minimum computer hardware, operating system, and application development knowledge.  Employers expect that students should be able to present one or two sentences of the majority of keywords applicable to job requirements in a face-to-face interview.

 

 

 

On the other hand, each assignment is allocated 100 points out of a total of 1000 points. The number of questions or hands-on activity on each assignment varies. Assume that an average assignment has 50 requirement questions. This means that a requirement may be worth 2 points towards your final grade. The bottom line is that missing a few questions will have little effect of your assignment or final grade. Not completing an assignment will generally decrease your final grade by at least a letter grade. Do not waste time on the small problems.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Please write or paste the answer in the box or table area provided as best as possible

 

 

 

1. Define the meaning of computer architecture. Your answer is

 

 

 

 

2. Provide the three main subcategories of computer architecture and provide examples of each. Your answer is

 

 

 

 

3. What are the three major factors that affect the choice of a computer architecture? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

Review the videos under the Video Folder/ Introduction to Computer Hardware, Introduction to Operating Systems, and Buying a Home Computer

 

 

 

The Review Quiz named “Overview of Computer Hardware” under Quiz 1 folder will also be Very helpful.

 

 

 

4.  Using the following table provide a detailed description and function for each of the following major computer hardware components.   Be Specific. In addition, cut and paste a graphic that in your opinion best illustrates these hardware components. (Use Google images (see image on the top menu bar of Google. Don’t’ be lazy and use the first image that you find. Use an image that will help you understand the concept after this class is over.) 

 

 

 

 

 

Video – Introduction to Solid State Drives (SSD)  –  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB-JUyQYxIw

 

Computer Hardware Component	Detailed Description and  Function	Google Image
Mother or System Board
Processor (CPU)
Main memory  (RAM)
SSD Drive
Chipset
Ports
Slots
Expansion Cards
CMOS Battery

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using the Processor Presentation, the Processor Handout, and using the links at

 

Microprocessors –  http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm

 

Microprocessors  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor

 

Processor Clock Speed – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_speed   

 

MIPS –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_instructions_per_second

 

Instruction Set Architecture – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

 

Address Bus – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bus

 

Operation Code – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_code

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operand

 

 

 

What is a Processor?

 

 

 

A processor is an electronic device that can translate and execute computer instructions to accomplish a specific task. Essentially a processor does the work in a computer system. There are many different specialized processors in any computer system. Some processors specialize is displaying an image on your monitor or LCD panel. Other processors specialize in communicating with a network or the Internet.

 

 

 

A computer system has many processors or workers. Just like at my home – there are many workers (individuals) specializing in various functions. For example, my kids mess up the house and I clean up after them. In order to coordinate these activities at my home someone needs to be the “boss”. Someone needs to be in control. At my home, we call it the “wife”, but in computers we call the “boss” processor – the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

 

 

 

To get any work out of a processor one must tell the processor what you want it to do – what task you want it to electronically perform. Unlike humans, processors can only perform a predefined set of electronic tasks. This limited set of tasks that a processor can perform is called an Instruction set.

 

 

 

To force the processor to perform a specific electronic task, we humans must give the processor a specific instruction, e.g., add these two numbers. The processor looks up method to add two numbers in its instructor set much like we look up a telephone number in a telephone book. This function of looking up instructions is call Interpretation. Then the instruction is executed.

 

 

 

So what does an ADD instruction look like? The only language a processor understands is binary. Therefore, the add instruction might look like this: 1110010001000100 (a 16-bit instruction).

 

 

 

Can you imagine memorizing thousands of binary instructions like the one previously? Can you imagine the mistakes that you would make just typing those 1s and 0s? Wouldn’t it be simpler to give the instruction “ADD”, instead of 11100Notice that the processor can only interpret and  execute instructions contained within its instruction set. Since there are many different types of processors, manufactured by various different companies, there is no single universal processor instruction set.

 

 

 

Therefore, each application program or operating system is written for a specific instruction set or processor. Any programming language and instruction translator must be compatible for a given instruction set.10001000100.

 

 

 

The desire to avoiding the tedious nature of binary data and instructions is why we developed computer programming languages. A computer programming language simply substitutes English-like commands, e.g., ADD, for one or more computer instructions. But, again processors do not understand English. Hence, the program language statement ADD must be translated into 1110010001000100 before it can be given to the processor. 

 

 

 

The Instruction Cycle describes the sequence that a processor uses to:

 

 

 

§  Instruction Fetch – fetch the  computer instruction from memory, i.e., RAM or L1 Cache

 

§  Decode (Interpret) computer instructions using the instruction set.

 

§  Execute – computer instructions, which may involve a math or I/O operation.

 

 

 

In this example, we will assume that each part of the instruction cycle must be performed before the next step can begin.  This assumption is called non-pipelining.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Review Quiz named “Review of Processor Technology” under Quiz 1 folder will also be Very helpful.

 

 

 

Video –   How a CPU Works –  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNN_tTXABUA

 

 

 

5. Your computer’s processor is rated at clock speed of 3.2 GHz. What is the purpose of clock speed? 

 

Answer è

 

 

 

 

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_pipelining_and_the_system_clock_affect_processing_speed

 

 

 

 

 

6. Define the following terms that are used when comparing processors: Microns, Clock Speed and Data Width, and MIPS. Answer è

 

 

 

 

7. Both Clock Speed and MIPS are used to describe how fast a processor operates. What is the relationship between Clock Speed and MIPS.  Answer è

 

 

 

 

8.  What is the native language of the processor?  Answer è

 

 

 

 

9.  List and describe the three basic things a processor does.  Answer è

 

 

 

 

Be sure that you review the 2010 Processor Update Document.

 

 

 

Go to the following link – cut and paste the image you find below,

 

Basic structure of a Pentium microprocessor – http://www.pctechguide.com/cpu-architecture/basic-structure-of-a-pentium-microprocessor

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.  Complete the following table and explain the function of the following Processor components.

 

Processor Component	Function
Control Unit
ALU Unit
I/O Unit
Register
Internal Bus
Front Side Bus (FSB)
L1 Cache
L2 Cache
L3 Cache

 

 

 

 

 

Copy and paste an image similar to the following that best illustrates L1, L2 and L3 cache

 

Memory Subsystem – http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/amd-k10_8.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Complete the following table and explain the function of the following Processor components.

 

Processor Component	Google image
Control Unit
ALU Unit
I/O Unit
Register
Internal Bus
Front Side Bus (FSB)
L1 Cache
L2 Cache
L3 Cache

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. What is the difference between an address bus and a data bus? Answer è

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.  What is the difference between the data that is stored in a processor register, ROM and RAM? Answer è

 

 

 

 

The presentation of the Processor Architecture and the Instructor Cycle is very helpful.

 

 

 

13. Describe the function of the following processor registers and provide a Google image?

 

Registers	Function
Instruction Register
Instruction Pointer
Data Registers
Program Status Word
Accumulator

 

 

 

 

 

Registers	Google image
Instruction Register
Instruction Pointer
Data Registers
Program Status Word
Accumulator

 

 

 

 

 

14. Using Google Images copy-and- paste an image that best describes the instruction Cycle   Insert image below =>

 

 

 

 

15. What is the purpose of a memory address? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

Why do we use Hexadecimal?  http://digiassn.blogspot.com/2006/02/why-do-we-use-hexadecimal.html

 

Hexadecimal Numbers Explained –  http://vlaurie.com/computers2/Articles/hexed.htm

 

 

 

Video – How To Do Decimal To Hexadecimal Conversion –  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgVc1Tl-JDA

 

Video –  How to convert hexadecimal to binary to decimal? –  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFY8YuBLNKc

 

Video – Binary Tutorial –  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qjEkh3P9RE

 

Video – Hexadecimal Tutorial –   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1JtWKuTLR0

 

 

 

 

 

16. Why is hexadecimal notation used to identify a memory address? Answer è

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17. Using the following tables convert a decimal value to a hexadecimal value, and a hexadecimal value to decimal l value.

 

 

 

Decimal Value	Hexadecimal Value
11
183
592
1024
16145
64523
65535

 

 

 

 

 

Decimal Value	Hexadecimal Value
	40
	D7
	F6900000
	1000
	100
	80
	FFFF

 

 

 

 

 

The following is a section of code displayed in the z/OS editor named ISPF.  All data or computer instructions  is stored  in binary code, and series of on and off electronic pulses that  text books represents as 1s and 0s.Since you and I cannot understand binary data, computers use binary representation codes that symbolically represents binary code . In the example, that follows IBM is storing characters as EBCDIC code and displays the content (this is called mapping)  as display characters that we see in ISPF or Word.   The following looks like simple English to me.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The problem is computers do not understand English.  There are many characters that cannot be displayed in an editor or your Word document, but they are displayed as a space. For example, when you told Word to bold a letter, word of phrase, you do not see any bold commands. This is because Word using non-displayable characters.  How can we see non-displayable characters?  The next example will use the hexadecimal code to convert the displayed character to a hexadecimal value.

 

 

 

Using the ISPF HEX command we can use the hexadecimal code to see the stored ECDBIC.  Notice that a displayed space on Line 400 is hexadecimaal value 40 and a displayed P is hexadecmal mvalue of  D7

 

 

 

 

 

 

Let’s review the following examples. You see the letter displayed on (or mapped to) the screen as capital letter “P”. But, in the computer’s memory he actual on/off electronic pluses stored are the following 8-bits: 11010111, or on-on-off-on-of-on-on-on.  What would prefer to see a P or 11010111?

 

 

 

Now we must understand that computers were not originally designed to work with letters of the alphabet or special characters. Hence, the binary character codes, i.e., ECBDIC, ASCII, and UNICODE, where designed to overcome this problem. The binary value, actual stored variable is 11010111 or in decimal the number 64.  Sooooo, one day 80+ years ago some IBM engineers went to the local sports bar and made a set of rules called ECBDIC. Or if the computer see 11010111 or binary 64 display the capital letter P.  If I was at the sports bar, I would have chosen decimal value 37 for the letter P, but I wasn’t invited. Therefore, character codes were created to symbolically store characters using a system of binary numbers.

 

 

 

O.k. where does hexadecimal come in? Those ECBDIC values became so complex and some valuse were not even displayed hexadecimal was used to see something even if the character was not displayed. Again review the space on line 400. You do not see the space, but you do see the Hex value of 40. How do you know that is really was a space and not a hidden escape or tab character?  Because these characters would have a different Hex value.

 

 

 

 

17. The following table is some examples for line 400.  Using the conversion convertors discussed previously fill in the missing values for the shaded areas.

 

 

 

Displayed Character	Hexadecimal Value summarizes	ECBDIC decimal value	Binary value which is actually stored
– a space –	40	64	0100000
P Capital Letter	D7	215	11010111
1 the number	F1	241	11010111
. a period	4B	75	01001011
	E3
* an asterisk
		230

 

 

 

The only difference between IBM mainframes and your cell phone, tablet or personal computer is that they use ASCII or Unicode. The principles are exactly the same, but the ASCII engineers went to a different sports bar.

 

 

 

One more hexadecimal example of the use of hexadecimal – memory address.  The following is a display of the memory locations use by various Windows hardware devices as displayed in Windows Device Manager.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following is a Device Manager display of the memory location used by my network card.  Notice the use of hexadecimal. 

 

 

 

So which would you prefer the Hexadecimal value of F6900000 or 11110110100100000000000000000000 as a memory address?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.  

 

18. What is the relationship between an operation code and an operand?  Answer è

 

 

 

 

19.  Microprocessor instructions are based on an Assembly Language Format? Use a table like Slide 20 in the Processor presentation and look at the example starting at slide .  A Variable Name, e.g., QPA used below , is a symbolic name of a memory address. 

 

 

 

Write an assembly language program that provides the following task to calculate a beer budget.  Remember, assembly language programs use memory addresses instead of variable names.   It uses simple codes to represent operations, e.g., MV, to move or store data.

 

 

 

TotalQualityPoints =100

 

CreditsEarnedToDate= 30

 

QPA =  TotalQualityPoints / CreditsEarnedToDate

 

 

 

Address	Contents
999	another program
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
Inside the Processor
IP
IR
REG1
REG2
ACC

 

 

 

 

 

 

20 Using the above program describe the steps of the instruction cycle. (Your processor presentation will help. Hopefully, the instruction life cycle image you pasted will also help. ) Answer è

 

 

 

 

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_pipelining_and_the_system_clock_affect_processing_speed

 

http://www.csi.ucd.ie/staff/jcarthy/home/alp/alp7.pdf

 

http://www.scs.gmu.edu/~jwallin/c702s06/lecture/l02/lecture2.pdf

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superscalar

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_level_parallelism

 

Instruction pipeline – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipeline

 

 How is superscalar design different from pipelining design? What are their advantages and disadvantages? http://www.cs.umd.edu/~meesh/cmsc411/website/projects/microproc/topics.html

 

The Microarchitecture of Superscalar Processors –  http://garga.iet.unipi.it/II/the-microarchitecture-of-superscalar.pdf

 

           

 

 

 

21. Using Google Images copy and paste an image that best illustrates the concept of instruction pipelining.

 

 

 

 

 

22. Describe how will instruction pipelining help the performance of your processor? Be specific Answer è 

 

 

23. Describe how superscalar processing will improve the performance of your processor? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

Using the following table provide a detailed description for each of the following concepts.

 

Concept	Detailed Description
Boolean Logic
Gate
Flip Flops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Requirement 2  – Processors and Process Architectures (25%)

 

 

 

Be sure that you review the 2010 Processor Update Document.

 

 

 

Instruction Set – http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/instruction_set.html

 

CICS Instruction Set –http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CISC.html

 

RISC Instruction Set – http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RISC.html

 

x86 Instruction Set – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86

 

Intanium –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itanium

 

X86-64 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

 

EPIC –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicitly_parallel_instruction_computing

 

64-bit –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit

 

The difference between 64 and 32 bit processors-  http://www.softwaretipsandtricks.com/windowsxp/articles/581/1/The-difference-between-64-and-32-bit-processors

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. What is function of an instruction set? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

2. Assume that your computer’s processor is based on a 32-bit Motorola Instruction Set.  What are the requirements and limitations of will this or any other instruction set have on you using your computer? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Use the following table to provide a practical an detailed definition of the following popular instruction sets.  

 

Instruction Set	DETAILED Definition and Functions
CICS
RISC
x86
EPIC
IA-64
x86-64

 

 

 

 

 

Video – 32 Bit vs 64 Bit Architectures – The Advantage  –  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgiMzKb8dD0

 

 

 

3a.  What are the advantages of 64-bit architectures (hardware, processors, and operating systems) over 32-bit architectures.

 

Answer è 

 

 

 

 

4. What is the maximum amount of memory a 32-bit instruction set and processor can access? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

5. A 64-bit processor can access more memory (RAM) than a 32-bit processor. In which type of applications would that be very important?  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

6. While in theory a 64-bit processor can access very large amounts of  RAM, what are the practical limitations of reaching that limit?  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Mary has a laptop that uses a 64-bit processor. She complains that she cannot run older 32-bit applications on her laptop, but her friend can run these older applications on her 64-laptop. What is the problem? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

8. A processor must use which type of instruction set to use a multicore processor? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

9. Assume that your computer’s processor is based on an 32-bit Motorola Instruction Set (hint: compare Motorola processors and Intel Processors).  What are the requirements and limitations of will this or any other instruction set have on you using your computer? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

CPU Processor Comparison – Intel Core i7 vs. i5 vs. i3 –  http://helpdeskgeek.com/how-to/intel-core-i7-vs-i5-vs-i3/

 

Intel Mobile Processors –  http://www.intel.com/support/processors/mobile/pm/sb/cs-007967.htm

 

Nehalem (microarchitecture) –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)

 

Sandy Bridge –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge

 

Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture) – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)

 

The Benefits of Multiple CPU Cores in Mobile Devices –http://www.nvidia.com/content/PDF/tegra_white_papers/Benefits-of-Multi-core-CPUs-in-Mobile-Devices_Ver1.2.pdf

 

Intel® Core™ i7 Mobile Processor Extreme  –http://www.asipartner.com/Microsites/Intel/MobilePlatform/tabid/703/Default.aspx

 

 [1443].

 

 

 

 

10. Use the following table list 10 Intel, AMD, Motorola, or other processor manufacture desktop or mobile processors. Provide a detailed description of the major features of each processor

 

Processor (family) Name	Description of the Major Features For example: number of cores, speed, cache, microns, 32-64 bits, etc.	Desktop, mobile or other type
List your processor as the first example

 

 

 

11.  List the reasons that are mobile microprocessor architectures are different than desktop microprocessor architectures.

 

Answer è 

 

 

 

 

What is the difference between a process and a thread –  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/200469/what-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread

 

Process Computing –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_%28computing%29

 

Parent Process – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent_process

 

Child Process –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_process

 

Process Forking –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_%28operating_system%29

 

What is a Task? –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_%28computers%29

 

What is a Thread? – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_%28computer_science%29

 

What is Multitasking? –  http://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/a/multitasking.htm

 

Daemons versus Background processes –   http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_difference_between_a_daemon_and_a_background_process

 

Process States –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_states

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. What is the difference a Daemon and a Background Process? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

14.  What is the difference a Parent Process and Foreground Process? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

15.   Start the Windows Task Manager on your computer. For example, right-click on the task bar at the bottom of your XP screen or press Ctrl-ALT- Delete and select task manager.  Delete the example listed below.  Switch to the task manager, press Alt-Prtscnn or use the Snipping tool. (Some laptop users may be required to using a function key (Fn) when they press Alt-Prtscr). Now switch to the Word document and press Ctrl-V to Paste your copy of the Windows task Manager.   Print two copies of YOUR Task Manager: 1) the display of your  Application Tab, and 2)  the display of your Process Tab

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.   Based on the results of your two Print Screens, i.e., Applications and Processes, what do you think is the difference between an application, task and process? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

Be sure that you review the 2010 Processor Update Document.

 

 

 

Computer multitasking –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking

 

What is computer multitasking?  http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081013191502AAih6mU

 

Multiprogramming – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprogramming

 

Time-sharing –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing

 

Context Switch – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_switch

 

Cooperative multitasking – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_multitasking

 

Preemptive Multitasking –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-emptive_multitasking

 

 

 

17.  Using the following table provide a practical a detailed definition of the following Multitasking, Multiprogramming, or Time Sharing concepts. 

 

Multitasking and Multiuser Concepts	Definition
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Context Switching
Cooperative Multitasking
Preemptive Multitasking
Time Sharing

 

http://www.blogsdna.com/2336/enable-multiple-user-accessconcurrent-user-sessions-for-remote-desktop-on-windows-7.htm

18.  All multitasking and multiuser operating systems require a multitasking processor. But not all operating systems permit multiple concurrent users.  Does Windows 7 provide for multiple concurrent users? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

19.  What Windows 7 feature provides limited support for multiple users? (Hint: Look at your Shut Down Button in Windows 7)  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

20. List a name a popular multiple-user operating system? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

Multitasking, Multiprocessing and threads –  http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc767883.aspx

 

Multiprocessing  – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-processing

 

Symmetrical Multiprocessing  – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing

 

Advantages And Disadvantages of Multiprocessing –  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_multiprocessor_systems

 

Advantages And Disadvantages of Multiprocessing –  p://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_Multiprocessing

 

 

 

 

 

 

21.  Using the following table provide a practical a detailed definition of the following  Multi Processing Concepts. 

 

Multitasking and Multiuser Concepts	Definition
Asymmetric Multiprocessing
Symmetric Multiprocessing

 

 

 

22.  In order to take advantage of multiprocessing architectures what changes must be made to your computer hardware? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

23.  Using the following table list the advantages and disadvantages of Multiprocessing Architectures. 

 

Advantages and Disadvantages of  Multiprocessing Architectures
Advantages	Disadvantages

 

 

 

 

24.  Explain the concept of Hyperthreading or SMT.  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

25. Hyperthreading is an Intel Concept. AMD choose not to implement Hyperthreading into their processors. What architectural approach did AMD use instead of Hyeprthreading? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

26. What is Hyper Transport? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

27. AMD uses Hyper Transport Architectures, Intel does not. What does Intel use instead of Hyper Transport? (Hint: Be careful, these concepts have nothing to do with Hyperthreading or internal architecture of the processor.)  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-core_processor

 

http://www.networkdictionary.com/howto/Advtantages-and-Disadvantages-Multi-core.php

 

http://www.networkfactor.net/newsdualcore.html

 

http://www.ehow.com/list_7420612_disadvantages-multi_core-cpus.html

 

 

 

28.  Explain the architecture of a Multicore Processor.  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

Please search Google images and past one or two images that best presents the concept of Multicore Processors. Paste a copy of this image below.

 

 

 

 

 

What is the difference between MultiCore and MultiProcessor? http://superuser.com/questions/214331/what-is-the-difference-between-multicore-and-multiprocessor

 

 

 

29. Contrast the architectural differences between a Multicore and a Multiprocessor Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30.  Using the following table list the advantages and disadvantages of Multicore Architectures. 

 

Advantages and Disadvantages of  Multicore Architectures
Advantages	Disadvantages

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comparison of Grid Computing vs. Cluster Computing –  http://www.jatit.org/research/introduction_grid_computing.htm

 

The Distributed Computing Paradigms: P2P, Grid, Cluster, Cloud, and Jungle –  http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1311/1311.3070.pdf

 

Cluster Computing –http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/cluster-computing.htm

 

Computer Cluster – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cluster

 

Why Would Anyone Need a Computer Cluster? –  http://obscuredclarity.blogspot.com/2008/10/why-would-anyone-need-computer-cluster.html

 

Advantages of Cluster Computing  Architectures – http://www.ccgrid.org/the-advantages-of-cluster-computing-and-internet-computing.html

 

Downsides of Cluster Computing Architectures –http://www.ccgrid.org/downsides-of-cluster-computing.html

 

High Availability Clusters –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability_cluster

 

ENTERPRISE GRID COMPUTING VS. CLUSTERING –  http://www.avarsys.com/clustering.html

 

 

 

 

 

31.  Explain the architecture of a Cluster Computing (Computer Clusters).  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

Please search Google images and past one or two images that best presents the concept of Computer Clusters. Paste a copy of this image below.

 

 

 

32. Use the following table and provide a practical and detailed definition of the following types of Cluster Architectures. 

 

Cluster  Computing Concepts	Definition
High Availability (HA) Clusters
Load-balancing Clusters
High-performance Clusters

 

 

 

 

 

33.  Using the following table list the advantages and disadvantages of Cluster Architectures. 

 

Advantages and Disadvantages of  Cluster Architectures
Advantages	Disadvantages

 

 

 

Fundamentals of Grid Computing –  http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp3613.pdf

 

Grid and Cluster Computing: Options for Improving Windows® Application Performance –  http://www.digipede.net/downloads/Digipede_CCS_Whitepaper.pdf

 

Beowulf cluster –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf_cluster

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34. How does cluster computing relate to cluster computing?  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

35.  What are the differences between grid computing and cluster computing? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

36. What is a Beowolf Cluster?  Answer è 

 

 

 

 

37. What type of applications are taking advantage of cluster computing? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Requirement 3 – Binary Representation and Character Encoding (20%)

 

 

 

Using Data Representation Methods Presentation and the links at

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_system

 

 

 

 

 

 

Binary translator – (Convert text to ASCII – Interesting and Simple)  –

 

http://nickciske.com/tools/binary.php

 

ASCII Number Values and Binary – http://www.roubaixinteractive.com/PlayGround/Binary_Conversion/The_Characters.asp

 

Octalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal

 

Hexadecimal –   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

 

Computer Number Formats –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_numbering_formats

 

Data Representation – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_types

 

Which is better UTF-8 or ISO-?  –  http://blog.wordtothewise.com/2010/03/which-is-better-utf-8-or-iso/

 

 

 

and any other source that you deem appropriate answer the following questions:

 

 

 

1. A Binary Number has two states 1 and 0. Why were binary codes created to handle some of the limitations associated with simple binary numbers? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

2. Express the decimal number 456 in binary.  The Binary translator would help or see slide 8). Your answer is

 

 

 

 

3. What is the problem of storing a mathematical since in a binary numeric code? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Explain how the number 20 is added to 10 in binary. Your answer is

 

 

 

 

5. What does concept of floating point or a real number represent? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Floating points are stored using the following concepts. Describe each using the following as an example:   -117.14  (Hint Slide 17)

 

 

 

Concept	Purpose and value to be stored
Sign of the Exponent
Exponent
Sign of the Mantissa
Mantissa

 

 

 

 

 

7. What is the Radix Point? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

8. What is IEEE 754 and 854? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using floating point data representation methods? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

ASCII –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii

 

Unicode – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode

 

 

 

Understanding text encoding in Word –  http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook-help/choose-text-encoding-when-you-open-and-save-files-HA010121249.aspx

 

MS Office 2010 Word change character encoding –  http://superuser.com/questions/378015/ms-office-2010-word-change-character-encoding

 

 

 

Video – Save a File as Encoded Text – Word 2010  –  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uURWqmNxOPQ

 

 

 

 

 

10. Explain the features and use of the following character codes 7-bit ASCII, 8-bit ASCII, and 16-bit Unicode.  (Hint: many great answers to this question in the Binary Representation Presentation)

 

 

 

Character Representation Code	Features	Example of Use in Excel, a database or other application program languages
7-bit ASCII
EBCDIC
UTF-8
16-bit Unicode
EDCDIC

 

 

 

 

 

11. What the purpose is Character Encoding? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.  What is a character set? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

14. How does a character set relate to a ASCII or Unicode e? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

12. Where is purpose of MIME?  Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15. Provide some examples of Word Character Sets. Open your version of Word. Google and find the directions how to display the Character Sets for your version of Word] Find the Character sets. Press Alt-Prtsc (Hold down the ALT key and the Prtsc key simultaneously). Then position the cursor below and press Ctrl-V or paste.  You should see an image like this.

 

 

 

 

 

 

15. Provide an example of Word Character Codes on your version of Word. Document with an Alt-Prtsc or snipping tool.  

 

Your answer is

 

 

 

 

Octal –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal

 

Hexadecimal-  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

 

 

 

16. What is the purpose and uses of Octal and Hexadecimal Binary Codes? (Hint: they are not used to store data in a binary format.) Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

17. When using a binary mathematical code “1 divided 3 times 3 “(1/3*3) is what number? Explain your answer. (Hint: review the Data Representation Power Point in Blackboard). Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18. When data is stored in a program, database, Excel cell the data is stored in a binary code format. Using the binary codes of 7-bit ASCII, 8-bit ASCII, Unicode, Floating point, Fixed-point, Octal and Hexadecimal answer the following questions using the following table. (Hint: review the Data Representation Power Point in Blackboard). DO NOT TRANSLATE YOUR ANSWER TO BINARY.

 

 

 

Applying Binary Representation Codes used by Excel
Type of data	Binary representation codes  used to store this data by Excel
When you type test words (labels), e.g.,  “Go Steelers” into an Excel Cell
When you type value 16 into an Excel Cell
When you type value  $5.18 into an Excel Cell

 

 

 

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), also known as ANSI X3.4, and the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) are computer character encoding sets. Although there are a number of variants of ASCII, all of them are essentially the same, and the encoding system is often praised by computer scientists for its simplicity and adaptability. EBCDIC is considered an anachronism in the computer world as it was designed for the now superannuated punch cards. ASCII, on the other hand, was developed in the 1960s and is very much designed for use in the world of modern computing.

 

 

 

Both ASCII and EBCDIC are based on the Baudot code — a 19th century alternative Morse code — but they were designed for different purposes and to different ends. Essentially a seven-bit code, ASCII allows the eighth most significant bit (MSB) for error checking, but most contemporary computer systems use the codes above 128 for extended character sets. Whereas this is a character encoding set common on a number of different computer systems, EBCDIC is a character set particular to IBM mainframes.

 

 

 

EBCDIC is exclusively used on IBM machines such as mainframes, midrange personal computers, and peripheral devices. Since most IBM machines include extensive processing capabilities and some support for modern encoding languages, they are able to keep up and even outperform devices from other brands. However, most machines and operating systems depend on ASCII and Unicode as their default encoding format.

 

 

 

Requirement 4 Internal Memory (15%)

 

 

 

Be sure that you review the 2010 Processor Update Document.

 

 

 

Computer Memory Concepts – http://www.computermemoryupgrade.net/index1.html

 

Maximum Memory, Standard Memory and Slots –  http://www.computermemoryupgrade.net/maximum-standard-memory-slots.html

 

Memory RAM Speed – Access Time, Megahertz (MHz), Bytes Per Second –  http://www.computermemoryupgrade.net/measuring-ram-speed.html

 

System DRAM Technologies –  http://www.computermemoryupgrade.net/system-dram-technologies.html

 

DIMM  – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIMM

 

Double Data Rate – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_data_rate

 

DDR – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM

 

DDR2 –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR2_SDRAM

 

DDR3 –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM

 

DDR4 Intel set to bring next-gen DDR4 DRAM memory to computers later this year –  http://www.pcworld.com/article/2085880/intel-set-to-bring-ddr4-dram-to-computers-in-third-quarter.html

 

Intel plans to bring speedy DDR4 DRAM to computers in Q3 –   http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9245266/Intel_plans_to_bring_speedy_DDR4_DRAM_to_computers_in_Q3

 

Everything you want to know about Dual- Triple and Quad Channel Memory Architectures  – http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/133

 

Multi-channel memory architectures  –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-channel_memory_architecture

 

Dual Chanel Architecture – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-channel_architecture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.  Using the following table provide a practical and detailed description of the following concepts concerning internal (RAM) memory. Paste an Google image that best illustrates the concept  

 

Memory Architectures	Detailed Description	Image
DIMM
SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM
DDR3 SDRAM
DDR4 SDRAM
Latency
ECC
GDDR3
Dual Channel DDRs
Quad Channel DDRs

 

 

 

 

 

2.  What is the relationship between the concept of a DIMM and a DDR? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

3.  What type of memory module(s) use(s) 184 pins? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

4.  What type of memory module(s) use(s) 240 pins? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

5.  By looking a the physical appearance of the DDR2 and DDR3 memory module how would one determine the difference between the two types of memory modules? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.  You see a memory module that states that it is a PC2-8500 module. What does the number 8500 mean? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

7.  What is the purpose of a PC rating when discussing internal modules? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.  What is the relationship between PC ratings and the Front Side Bus Speed? Use PC2-8500 as an example. Answer è 

 

 

 

 

9.  Go to crucial.com or any other online supplier of computer memory.  Enter the model and type of your computer. Find the type of computer memory that is most appropriate for your computer.  Use the ALT-PRTSC technique below to document your findings.

 

 

 

 

 

10.  What is maximum amount supported by your motherboard? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

11.  What is recommended type of memory to be used by your computer? Answer è 

 

 

 

 

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Find-out-how-much-RAM-your-computer-has

 

http://www.online-tech-tips.com/computer-tips/how-to-determine-the-amount-of-ram-installed-on-your-computer/

 

 

 

Using Windows document the amount of memory currently installed in your computer.  Use the Alt-PrtScrn to document your results. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/How-do-I-know-if-my-computer-has-a-memory-problem

 

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Diagnosing-memory-problems-on-your-computer

 

http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9158258/Most_Windows_7_PCs_max_out_memory

 

 

 

 

 

12. What are the three major causes of computer memory failures? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

13. What is the name of the new tool provided by Windows Vista and 7 that may be used to diagnose memory problems? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

The Difference Between Notebook and Desktop Memory –  http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Computer_Science/2008/laptop_desktop_memory.asp

 

 

 

Can Laptop Memory Be Used in Desktop and the Other Way Around?  – http://www.popularmemory.org/can-laptop-memory-be-used-in-desktop/

 

 

 

14.  What are the differences between laptop memory and desktop memory? Your answer is

 

 

 

 

15. What factors affect the maximum amount of RAM that can be installed into your computer?

 

Your answer is

 

 

 

 

 

Requirement 5 Functions of an Operating System

 

 

 

Operating System Functions – http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system2.htm

 

The main functions of an operating system – http://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/the-main-functions.php

 

Operating Systems –  https://www.cs.umd.edu/users/oleary/c662/opsys.pdf

 

How Operating Systems Work – http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm

 

Process (computing) –   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

 

What is a computer process? – http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/process

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Describe the differences between, single-user/single task, single-user/multitask, and multiuser operating systems. Give an example of each.

 

 

 

Operating System Task and User Management	Description	Example Operating System
Single-user/Single task
Single-user/Multitask
Multiuser

 

 

 

2. An Operating System provides many Services.  Use the following table and provide a description for each of the following operating system function or service.

 

 

 

Operating System Function/Service	Description
Process Management
Memory Management
Device Management (I/O control and Device Drivers)
Security
User Interfaces
Application Interface (APIs)

 

 

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

 

 

 

3.  What is the difference between a process and an application (computer program)? Answer:

 

 

 

 

4. What is meant by the concept of concurrency?  Answer:

 

 

 

 

5. Describe a detailed practical example of an application (assuming you are using a Web browser), multiple processes, and concurrency? [The answer is easier than you think] Answer:

 

 

 

 

Processor Management http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system5.htm

 

What is Interrupt Processing?  Chapter 3.7.1 : Overview of z/OS: Introduction to the Mainframe: z/OS basics

 

 

 

 

 

6. What is Interrupt Processing?  When an interrupt occurs what happens next in the processing cycle?  Answer:

 

 

 

 

7. What is the difference between an I/O Interrupt and an External Interrupt? Answer:

 

 

 

 

Process Control Block –  http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system6.htm

 

 

 

 

 

8. What is the role of a Process Control Block in relationships to Processes and Interrupts?  Answer:

 

 

 

 

9. List the type of information stored in a Process Control Block.  Answer:

 

 

 

 

Computer Processes – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

 

Threads – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)

 

Difference between a process and a thread  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_computer_process_and_thread

 

 

 

10. What is a thread? Answer:

 

 

 

 

11. What is the difference between a process and a thread? Answer:

 

 

 

 

12. What is another name for a thread? Answer:

 

 

 

 

13. Describe how an API (Application Program Interface) works? Answer:

 

 

 

 

 

Shell (computing) –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29

 

Command-line interface –  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface

 

Command Line Interfaces (Advantages and Disadvantages)  –  http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer%20systems/user_interface/miniweb/pg3.htm

 

Graphical User Interfaces (Advantages and Disadvantages)  –   http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer%20systems/user_interface/miniweb/pg7.htm

 

Touch Sensitive Interfaces (Advantages and Disadvantages)  –    http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer%20systems/user_interface/miniweb/pg11.htm

 

Sound and Speech Interfaces (Advantages and Disadvantages)  –    http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer%20systems/user_interface/miniweb/pg9.htm

 

Command line vs. GUI –   http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000619.htm

 

Command line –  http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/commandi.htm

 

GUI –  http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm

 

 

 

14. What is the function of a shell in computing and operating systems? Answer:

 

 

 

 

15. What is a command line interface? Answer:

 

 

 

 

16. How does one know that the operating system is ready to process the next command when using a command line interface? Answer:

 

 

 

 

 

 

17. Use the following table and compare each topic citing advantages or disadvantages of using command line interfaces (CLI) as compared to graphical user interfaces (GUI).

 

Comparison of Command Line and Graphical User Interfaces
Topic	Command Line Interfaces	Graphical User Interfaces
Ease of Use and Effort to Learn
Degree of Control of the Operating System
Multitasking
Speed of Use
Resource Utilization, e.g., Memory, Processor Time
Scripting
Remote Access
Flexibility to transfer knowledge to other user interfaces
Ergonomics  and Strain

 

 

 

 

 

Five benefits of command line tools in security – http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/linux-and-open-source/five-benefits-of-command-line-tools/

 

Seven Free Security Tools for Linux –  http://www.pcworld.com/article/224955/7_free_security_tools_for_linux.html

 

List of Linux Security Audit and Hacker Software Tools –  http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxSecurityTools.html

 

Advantages of command line over GUI –  http://www.aswedeingermany.de/50SoftwareDevelopment/50ShellVsGUI.html

 

 

 

Why Command Line still important? –  http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110202071442AAGs5Bc

 

The Importance of Command Line Literacy –  http://www.linux-mag.com/id/7096/

 

 

 

18. Many security tools have a GUI interface.  Using the following table list and explain five reasons why one’s ability to use the CLI is very important to their careers?

 

Importance of a  Professional’s Knowledge of Command Line Tools in Security
Topic	Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

 

 

 

 

 

Evolution of shells in Linux –  http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-linux-shells/

 

What Linux shell should I use?  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/199661/what-linux-shell-should-i-use

 

Unix Shell –   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell

 

XWindows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System

 

 

 

 

 

GNOME vs KDE (includes videos)  –  http://www.diffen.com/difference/GNOME_vs_KDE

 

10 reasons why GNOME is better than KDE –   http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-reasons-why-gnome-is-better-than-kde/

 

 

 

 

 

 

19. What is the most popular Linux command line shell? Answer:

 

 

 

 

20.  What is the function of Gnome and KDE in Linux and Unix? Answer:

 

 

 

 

21. What is the function of Linux’s XWindows? Answer: