Respond to following discussion post and discuss the difference between various

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Respond to following discussion post and discuss the difference between various cells and the role these cells play in specific disease processes. At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years.The shape of a cell depends on where it lives and what it does in its ecosystem. A cell’s morphology refers to the variety in physical characteristics such as size, shape, and organizational layout (Dye et al., 2021). Cells in sections of organisms that require a lot of stretch, such as around the base of some insects and animals’ wings, are arranged differently from cells in other parts of the body (Dye et al., 2021). In humans, the red blood cell, or erythrocyte, is an example of a cell type with a crucial morphology. Erythrocytes are spherical disc-shaped blood cells with an indented core that allows them to readily pass through arteries and veins, as well as the smallest capillaries in the body (Adewoyin et al., 2018). Erythrocytes without this unique shape have lower iron binding capacity and hemoglobin carrying capacity, resulting in anemia in humans (Adewoyin et al., 2018).Retinoblastoma is a rare malignancy that affects the retina and is most common in young children (American Cancer Society, 2018). Approximately one-third of all cases of retinoblastoma are hereditary and occur in an autosomal dominant pattern (MedlinePlus, n.d.). Retinoblastomas are caused by either a somatic or a germline mutation. Somatic mutations are the most common, and they occur when a gene, generally the RB1 gene, is damaged within a single cell at some time throughout its life (Mahon, 2020). Hereditary forms of retinoblastoma are caused by germline mutations, which are far rarer than somatic mutations (Mahon, 2020). When the retinoblasts, which normally create the adult retina, develop out of control and form tumors in the eye, it is called a retinoblastoma. A mutation in the RB1 gene is the most common cause of unchecked cell replication 2018 (American Cancer Society). Under normal circumstances, the RB1 gene helps to prevent cells from multiplying (American Cancer Society, 2018). When the RB1 gene is altered, the protein pRB, which is important for tumor inhibition, is no longer produced (Medline, n.d.). The protein pRB is the growth regulator for cells in normal retinoblast cell regulation; this means that pRB controls how quickly retinoblasts can develop and divide. If both alleles of the RB1 gene are mutated, the tumor suppressor protein pRB is not produced, and the cells form retinoblastoma. However, if one allele is normal and the other is mutated, pRB can still be produced, and thus retinoblastoma is not caused (American Cancer Society, 2018).ReferencesAdewoyin, A. S., Adeyemi, O., Davies, N. O., & Ogbenna, A. A. (2018). Erythrocyte morphology and its disorders. Erythrocyte. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86112.American Cancer Society. (2018, December 3). “What is Retinoblastoma?”. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/retinoblastoma/about/what-is-retinoblastoma.html.Dye, N. A., Popovic, M., Iyer, K. V., Fuhrmann, J. F., Piscitello-Gomez, R., Eaton, S., & Julicher, F. (2021). Self-organized patterning of cell morphology via mechanosensitive feedback. eLife 2021. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.57964.Mahon, S. (2020). Germline and Somatic Variants: What Is the Difference? OnsVoice.https://voice.ons.org/news-and-views/germline-and-somatic-variants-what-is-the-differenceMedlinePlus. (n.d.). RB1 gene: RB transcriptional corepressor 1. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/rb1/.